Trust Administration Attorney
What Happens When You Become Responsible for Administering a Trust?
Congratulations! You've been named trustee in someone's trust.
This is an important position of honor and trust. It shows that the trust's creator thinks highly of you and your character.
You might assume that because the revocable living trust avoids the costs and hassles of probate, there is not much after-death administration. Compared to probate, there isn't; however, tax and fiduciary laws still apply. Pitfalls still abound, and they can cost you a fortune.
If you are the successor trustee to a revocable living trust, you have DUTIES. There is a lot you need to do. You should hire a lawyer to help you. But if you want to do it yourself or just know what to do, here is a list of the Duties of a Trustee.
Identify Tax Issues Right Away
Make every effort to identify all the tax issues immediately.
- Will the trust be subject to estate tax? Unlikely, (the current exemption amount is over $11,000,000).
- Will the Real Estate be subject to increased property taxes? Most likely, and you are required to notify the Assessor of the change of ownership.
- Is there a Qualified Family Owned Business Interest, an S-Corporation, a partnership, an LLC, an LLP or a farming asset in the trust? Make appropriate elections.
Make sure you obtain a new tax ID number for the administrative trust that lasts until all property is finally distributed out of the trust.
Send Notifications
You must serve the statutory "Notification by Trustee" under Probate Code §16061.7.
You must also send notification to various government agencies. Be sure to consider whether notice is required by the Department of Social Security, the Department of Veteran's Affairs, the Department of Health Services, or any other payors of benefits to the decedent.
If you fail to record the will and any codicils with the court, you may forfeit your appointment as executor. If there are any disputes between you and the person who becomes executor, you and the beneficiaries stand to lose a ton.
Review the Trust
You must review the entire trust and assets and liabilities to identify hot issues, those issues that require immediate action. These can range from the rare (a toxic waste problem on real property) to the common (ownership of stock options). Be sure to consider whether a disclaimer is necessary to avoid losing as much as 55% of the estate. Make sure you identify any errors in the document or in transferring the assets into the trust quickly. Hot issues require immediate attention, and must be identified early.
Understand the Big Picture
You have been named the successor trustee of at least one trust, but the decedent's financial life may have included many other aspects that make or break your job.
Who was named as executor?
- If it's you, you must understand the whole picture quickly.
- If it's not you, you must work with the executor to make sure nothing falls between the cracks of your two areas of responsibility.
Start with the following questions:
- Did the decedent have powers in other trusts?
- Is there property outside of the trust?
- Will a probate be required?
- What does the trust own?
- Should creditor notices be sent in order to reduce the risk of later claims?
- Will the Trust continue on for several years?
- Did the decedent leave money to be distributed at specific ages (e.g. 25, 30, 35)? If so, if the beneficiary is not yet that age, you may need to set up accounts for the beneficiary.
- Is there a Special Needs Trust? If so, then you as Trustee will need to consult with an Elder Law Attorney so that the beneficiary does not lose benefits.
Real Property Transfers Are A Big Deal
It's only a few pieces of paper, so why worry much about it? Because mistakes here can cost a bundle. Be sure to file appropriate forms for real property including notice to the County Assessor and the State Controller.
In addition, if a child wants to keep the property and the benefits of Prop 13, and Prop 53 (lower property taxes on inherited property), you need to consult with a lawyer familiar with the property tax rules so the beneficiary can keep the lower taxes.
Inventory & Accounting
You know that you must maintain the trust property in good condition, including payment of any property taxes as they are due. But if you procrastinate on your accounting, you may find out that you missed something too late. That could take a huge sum right out of the trust, or your own pocket.
Prepare an accounting of what was in the trust at the date of death and what has happened since. Do it right away. Find out if appraisals are required for any property owned by the trust. Fiduciary rules in California are strict and important. Be sure you understand your responsibilities under law; as the trustee, you will pay for your mistakes out of your own pocket.
Tax Filings
Pay property taxes. File the decedent's final income tax return. File an estate tax return if necessary. File trust tax return(s). Quarterly payments may be necessary. Don't delay or the estate (and YOU, if it's your fault) could be in for big penalties.
Make Distributions
Often the beneficiaries are calling and wanting their money right away. However, distributions are not always as simple as writing a check. You need to make sure that you have done the inventory and at least a basic accounting, that the time period to contest the Trust has passed, and that all beneficiaries sign a receipt for the money, the accounting and that they do not contest the Trust. Where subtrusts, minors or special needs beneficiaries are involved, be sure to obtain the appropriate tax ID numbers, and allocate property among trusts according to the provided formulas, no matter how complex.
Don’t Reinvent the Wheel
Some trustees believe that to do a good job, they must handle everything themselves. But you were named as trustee because the grantor trusts you and wants you at the helm, not because the grantor thinks you are an experienced trust administration attorney.
When I help a family create an estate plan that avoids probate, they are always delighted with the savings they achieve over the costs of probate. But everyone at the table expects there to be some costs. I advise clients to choose as trustee someone who cares about the beneficiaries and who is honest and trustworthy, regardless of how little knowledge or experience that person may have in administering a trust. My clients know that the wise trustee relies on professional guidance to steer the minefield of trust administration.
The Attorney who has done several Trust Administrations will save you time and money because they have a process to keep you on track and forms for all the required notices.
You Need to Act/Call When Only One Spouse Dies
When a spouse dies, the surviving spouse is devastated. The loss of a spouse with whom you have shared most of your life leaves a big hole. Often the survivor gets so caught up in grief and in keeping busy (or seeking escape from the loss, if only for a moment) that they do nothing. Since most couples have both names on every account, it is easy to go on without calling an attorney. If your estate is taxable, this could cause the estate to completely lose all the tax planning. Then, when the surviving spouse dies, the children pay unnecessary estate taxes.
I advise spouses after the death, and for clients enrolled in our TLC Maintenance Plan, they are encouraged to call before making any major decision, since the most painful decisions are those that are made shortly after the death of a spouse.
When To Call an Attorney
Contact me for further information about Trust Administration if you face a sticky situation:
I invite your call any time, whether or not you find yourself in one of the sticky situations above. Please call (714)459-1999 or email Martha@ElderLawMom for your free initial consultation sooner rather than later. Deadlines, for which you will have to pay out of your own pocket, start expiring 30 days after the grantor's death.
Frequently Asked Questions
The law is much more complicated than people think. Most people think that all lawyers do is use forms and put names in them. Of course we use forms, there are thousands of possible forms to use, and it is important to know which form to use and why. If you provide the wrong answer when using a do it yourself product such as Legal Zoom, Suze Orman’s Trust Software, or some other product offering “documents done according to your direction” you may not know the answer is wrong ever, unfortunately your heirs will find the mistake and the consequences could be devastating. One consequence could be that your estate does not go to the people you want, another could be that your estate pays taxes that could have been avoided. Finally, if a loved one received Medi-Cal to pay for Skilled Nursing Care, there is NO do it yourself form that has any provisions that avoid the lien the State will have on all property left by your loved one.
There is no one size fits all solution. I have reviewed several Do It Yourself Forms, and they all suffer from the same problem, they are designed for the perfect family, one where the mom and dad are still married to each other, the kids are perfect, and no one ever has a dementia or disability. As more people live longer there will be more people suffering from stokes, Parkinson’s, dementia or Alzheimer’s. Over the past forty years divorce and remarriage have become common. Families with his, her and their kids are more common than a family with all our kids. As families become more complicated, the need for customized Estate Plans cannot be over emphasized.
People need an attorney who knows how to plan for families who are not perfect. Attorneys who understand that most people who reach their 65th birthday still feel young and are anticipating living past 90. If you use one of the “do it yourself forms” perhaps you are like many who visit Geisler Patterson Law, concerned because they are not sure their Do It Yourself Estate Plans were done right. Unfortunately, every Do It Yourself Plan Martha Patterson has reviewed was indeed lacking provisions that were important to the person who requested the review. People think these forms are cheaper than a lawyer. The cost savings may be a myth, some Do it yourself services and non-lawyers charge more than an experienced lawyer, and even if you save money if a mistake is made, and your family ends up in Court the savings will disappear.
If you have been married, divorced or remarried a Do It Yourself form won’t fit. If a loved one has dementia, a disability, a drug or alcohol problem you really need an Estate Plan that is customized to protect your loved one.
If a loved one needs care and you want to access Medi-Cal or Veteran’s Benefits, you need an attorney who specializes in helping people qualify for these benefits. The laws related to planning for Medi-Cal and Veteran’s benefits, are so complicated most Estate Planning attorneys don’t even want to learn them. What works for Medi-Cal does not work for Veteran’s benefits, and vice versa. If you know both sets of rules, it is possible to protect assets and qualify for benefits. It is impossible to detail all the problems that can be created if someone tries to protect assets and qualify for these important benefits without contacting someone like Martha Jo Patterson who spends hundreds of hours studying the laws and rules, and who has helped hundreds of families.
If your family is not perfect, you need a lawyer to guide you through all the decisions you need to make. If you are a boomer, you need to plan. You will most likely live longer than your parents you will most likely need help with daily care. Your family will most likely be more fragmented than the one you grew up in, so it will be harder for your kids to take care of you than it is for you to take care of your parents. If you are worried about your second half, call Geisler Patterson Law at (714)459-1999.
Martha Jo Patterson will be your Trusted guide you in making all the plans you need to make so that you will have peace of mind in the second half of life.